Peripheral Neuropathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Peripheral neuropathy affects an estimated 20 million Americans, causing symptoms ranging from mild tingling to debilitating pain. Understanding this condition is the first step toward effective management.
What is Peripheral Neuropathy?
Peripheral neuropathy occurs when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged. These peripheral nerves control sensation, movement, and automatic functions, so damage can cause a wide range of symptoms.
Common Symptoms
- Sensory: Numbness, tingling, burning, or shooting pain—often starting in the feet and hands.
- Motor: Muscle weakness, cramping, or difficulty with coordination.
- Autonomic: Changes in blood pressure, sweating, or digestive issues.
Common Causes
- Diabetes: The most common cause, affecting up to 50% of diabetics.
- Vitamin Deficiencies: B12 and other B vitamins are essential for nerve health.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Infections: Shingles, Lyme disease, HIV, and others.
- Toxins: Alcohol abuse or exposure to certain chemicals.
- Medications: Some chemotherapy drugs and other medications.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function. These painless tests help identify the type and extent of nerve damage.
Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms:
- Blood sugar control for diabetic neuropathy
- Vitamin supplementation for deficiencies
- Medications for pain management
- Physical therapy to maintain strength and function
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent progression and improve quality of life. If you're experiencing symptoms of neuropathy, schedule an evaluation with our team.