Understanding Epilepsy: Types of Seizures and Treatment Options

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting over 3 million Americans. Understanding the different types of seizures and available treatments is essential for effective management.

Types of Seizures

Seizures are broadly categorized into two main types:

Focal (Partial) Seizures

• Focal Aware Seizures: You remain conscious but may experience unusual sensations, movements, or emotions.
• Focal Impaired Awareness: Consciousness is affected; you may stare blankly or make repetitive movements.

Generalized Seizures

• Absence Seizures: Brief lapses in awareness, often mistaken for daydreaming.
• Tonic-Clonic Seizures: The most recognized type, involving stiffening and jerking movements.
• Myoclonic Seizures: Quick, shock-like jerks of muscles.
• Atonic Seizures: Sudden loss of muscle tone causing falls.

Diagnosis Through EEG

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is the primary diagnostic tool for epilepsy. This non-invasive test records brain wave patterns and can identify abnormal electrical activity. At our clinic, we offer comprehensive EEG testing with expert interpretation by board-certified neurologists.

Modern Treatment Approaches

Treatment options have expanded significantly:

• Anti-Seizure Medications: The first-line treatment, with many newer medications offering fewer side effects.
• Dietary Therapy: The ketogenic diet can be effective, especially in children.
• Surgical Options: For medication-resistant epilepsy, surgery may be considered.
• Neuromodulation: Devices like VNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation) offer additional options.

With proper treatment, approximately 70% of people with epilepsy can achieve seizure freedom or significant reduction in seizure frequency.